- “一带一路”倡议下全球南方国家港产城发展与国际规划合作
- 文章编号：1009-6000(2026)01-0025-08
- 中图分类号：TU984 文献标识码：B
- Doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-6000.2026.01.004
- 项目基金：国家社科基金重大项目（20 & Z D14 8）；河南省软科学研究计划项目（252400410256）；河南省哲学社会科学规划项目（2025BZH011）；河南省高等学校哲学社会科学基础研究重大项目（2025-JCZD-16）。
- 作者简介：王霄，清华大学社会科学学院博士研究生，研究方向为区域国别学（拉丁美洲政治与经济）；
田长丰，通信作者，工学博士，郑州轻工业大学艺术设计学院教师，清华大学国际关系学系政治学博士后，研究方向为区域国别学（中拉命运共同体）。
- 智利海外特区空间所有权与使用权之争——拉帕努伊发展困境与治理矛盾
- The Contention between Spatial Ownership and Use Rights in Chile’s Special Territories: The Development Dilemma and Governance Contradictions of Rapa Nui
- 王霄 田长丰
- WANG Xiao TIAN Changfeng
- 摘要：
土地空间及其资源的开发与利用不仅赋予空间自身独立的价值，还构建了空间资源利用最大化与公共利益最优化之间的政治博弈和法律权益框架。然而，全球治理场域存在的文化认知差异与法治建设分野，直接导致了空间治理模式的差异化演进路径与实践效能的分异。文章选取智利共和国海外特区——拉帕努伊（Rapa Nui）为案例，通过深入分析历史文献和法律文本，揭示不同统治阶层对土地所有权与使用权认知的差异，并探讨这些差异如何反映在拉帕努伊的发展困境和治理矛盾当中。由此进一步观察智利政府在提升国家空间治理能力和推进空间治理现代化过程中，为构建多元协同的社会治理体系所做的努力。通过解构这一典型案例中权属争夺的多重矛盾面向，既可以理解空间治理的复杂性，为评估拉美地区国家空间治理效能和国家公园体系建设成效提供了实证案例，也为我国深化空间治理能力建设和探索构建人地和谐的自然保护地管理体系的国际经验提供实践参照系。 - 关键词：
拉帕努伊（复活节岛）；空间治理；所有权；土地利用 - Abstract: The exploitation and utilisation of land space and resources not only confers an independent value upon space itself but also establishes a political and legal framework negotiating between maximising the use of spatial resources and achieving the best public interest. However, disparities in cultural perceptions and legal frameworks across global governance contexts have directly led to divergent evolutionary paths and practical outcomes in spatial governance models. Taking Chile’s overseas territory of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) as a case study, this paper delves into historical records and legal provisions to expose the divergent understandings of land ownership and usage rights among ruling strata. It discusses how these disparities are reflected in Rapa Nui’s development challenges and governance conflicts. Futhermore, the study scrutinises the Chilean government’s efforts to foster a pluralistic and collaborative social governance system, within the broader context of enhancing national spatial governance capabilities and and advancing governance modernization. This research can enhance our understanding of the complexity of spatial governance by deconstructing the multiple contradictions in ownership contention in this typical case. It thereby provides an empirical lens through which to assess the efficacy of spatial governance and the establishment of national protected areas in Latin America, while also offering valuable lessons for our country’s efforts to deepen spatial governance and construct a harmonious management system for natural protected areas.
- Key words: Rapa Nui (Easter Island); spatial governance; ownership; land use